The team Bacteria, Antibiotics and Immunity of the Center of Infection and Immunity of Lille that I lead, aims to understand the molecular and cellular interactions between pneumonia-causing bacteria and the respiratory immune system while developing innovative immuno-interventions to combat bacterial pneumonia, particularly in the face of antibiotic resistance and antigen variation. A first research axis is identifying virulence factors of S. pneumoniae and K. pneumoniae and understanding host immune responses, particularly the role of myeloid cells in infection control and elimination (EU project NOSEVAC). Myeloid cell development and activation during nasal carriage, pneumonia, and pneumosepsis are critical areas of investigation, with the goal of identifying novel therapeutic targets. The team also explores immune-modulating drugs, such as innate immunity agonists, to enhance host defense mechanisms against antibiotic-resistant bacteria (EU project FAIR). Combining these with antibiotics may provide a synergistic "double-hit" strategy for pathogen clearance while promoting tissue repair. Lastly, the team aim to develop infection-preventing mucosal vaccines targeting nasopharyngeal carriage and pneumonia, addressing current vaccine limitations and reducing bacterial transmission, thus contributing to the global fight against antimicrobial resistance (EU project NOSEVAC and France Vaccins).