Dress is at the core of dance. It adorns dancers, defines various roles, and forms symbolic expressions that, for example, either binds people together or opposes them. It is a communicative tool that gives crucial information to understanding the dance as well as the culture and the sociological effects of a group of people. As such, dress transcends how it is seen visually to address what is being communicated. Nonetheless, studies in ancient dance have rarely taken clothing into consideration. This publication gathers articles that give new perspectives and insights on ancient dances and their ancient textiles. Comprehension of ancient dance benefits from investigations undertaken through the lens of dress. And research on ancient dress is understood through its relation to body movement and performative rituals, thus reinforcing the progressive integration of an anthropological and sociological dimension into historical analysis of ancient textiles. For the first time, the two-way transfer of knowledge between dance studies and costume studies is connected via an innovative approach. Among the issues that are specifically addressed are movement design, embodiment and communication, gender and identity, cognition and sensory experience, representations and metaphors, as well as modern reception. The chronological range of the publication is limited to the Ancient World (5000 BC to the 5th century AD), and the geographical definition is meant to be broad in order to promote a comparative approach and cross-cultural dialogue, as well as discourse between fields and disciplines.